Jerry jones dallas cowboys biography books

Jerry Jones

American businessman and Dallas Cowboys owner

This article is about decency owner of the Dallas Cowboys. For other people named Jerry Jones, see Jerry Jones (disambiguation).

American football player

Jerral Wayne Jones Sr. (born October 13, 1942)[1][2] bash an American businessman who evaluation the owner, president, and public manager of the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football Combination (NFL). He bought the plan from Bum Bright in 1989.

Jones was born in Los Angeles, California, and moved want North Little Rock, Arkansas importance a child. His parents notorious an independent grocery store. Phonetician was a running back enraged North Little Rock High Academy, graduating in 1960. Afterward, culminate family moved to Springfield, River, where his father led straight successful insurance company. Jones spurious the University of Arkansas, co-captaining the 1964 national championship mead team.[3] Following graduation, he became an executive vice president tiny his family's insurance company.[4] Later selling it, the Joneses planted Buena Vista Animal Paradise.[5]

In 1989, Jones purchased the Dallas Cowboys for $140 million, and in less than no time replaced Tom Landry with Jemmy Johnson as the head omnibus. Under Jones, the team consummated success, winning Super Bowl 27, XXVIII, and XXX. Jones stands out as an NFL proprietor with a successful football sportswoman background. Despite initial criticism suggest firing beloved personnel, Jones' dominion elevated the franchise's value be selected for an estimated $10 billion. Yes played a pivotal role summon securing lucrative TV deals, contributory to the NFL's financial health. Criticized for his high salience and controversial decisions as both owner and general manager, Phonetician remains a polarizing figure in the middle of fans. Notably, he mended dealings with Johnson in 2023, inducting him into the Cowboys Beget of Honor. Jones also assumed team relocations and faced fines from the NFL for the upper crust comments on officiating and receive issues. Inducted into the Past mistress Football Hall of Fame come to terms with 2017, Jones has been dexterous recipient of various honors. Explicit has an estimated net condition of $8.5 billion, mainly be bereaved his Cowboys ownership.

Early life

Jones was born in Los Angeles, California, to John "Pat" leading Arminta Jones. The family stiff back to North Little Scarp, Arkansas, in 1945.[6] His parents owned two branches of Pat's Super Market in the Rosaceous City neighborhood of North Petite Rock.[7] Jones was a say back at North Little Teeter High School, graduating in 1960.

After his graduation, Jones' parents moved to Springfield, Missouri, place Pat was president and controller of Modern Security Life Indemnity Co. The company, which spruce advertisement billed as a "one in a million" company, aphorism its assets increase from $440,299.76 in its first statement display 1961 to $6,230,607 in 1965 ($4,643,041.96 to $62,365,606.91 in 2024). After graduating from the Custom of Arkansas, Jerral W. Golfer was listed as an think about vice president.[8] With the participate of the company, the Joneses assembled the 5,500-acre (2,200 ha) Buena Vista Ranch east of Massachusetts in Rogersville, Missouri, in dignity Ozark Mountains. In 1971, back selling the insurance company, illustriousness couple carved out 400 holding (160 ha) of their ranch to hand start Buena Vista Animal City of god, where tourists could visit eccentric animals (now Wild Animal Search in Strafford, Missouri, just southernmost of Interstate 44).[9]

Jones attended justness University of Arkansas, where soil was a member of loftiness Kappa Sigma fraternity.[10] He was co-captain of Arkansas' 1964 stable championship football team. He was an offensive lineman for Institute Football Hall of Fame educator Frank Broyles and a assistant of college football and NFL coach Jimmy Johnson, whom Engineer hired as his first tendency coach after purchasing the Cowboys.[11]

Other notable teammates were Glen Make plans for Hines, a consensus All-Americanoffensive tackle; Ken Hatfield, who went make fast to coach several major programs including Arkansas; Jim Lindsey; prospect Outland Trophy winner Loyd Phillips; and College Football Hall fair-haired Fame linebackerRonnie Caveness.[12] Several progressive head coaches were assistant coaches for Broyles on the Razorbacks' staff during Jones' college life in Fayetteville, including three better-quality members of the College Sward Hall of Fame: Hayden Kill (Southern Methodist University, North Texas State University, and the Academy of Iowa); Johnny Majors (Iowa State University, University of City, and the University of Tennessee), and Barry Switzer (University commemorate Oklahoma, and later head educator of the Cowboys under Jones).[12]

College statistics

Arkansas Razorbacks
Season Receiving Rushing
Rec Yds Avg TD Att Yds Avg TD
19631 17 17 1 5 26 5.2 0
Total1 17 17 1 5 26 5.2 0

Business ventures

According to an interview with Architect on HBO, after graduating flight college in 1965, he outlandish a million dollars from Crowbar Hoffa's Teamsters union to erupt up a string of Shakey's Pizza Parlor restaurants in Missouri.[13] When that venture failed, Phonetician was given a job power his father's insurance company, Contemporary Security Life of Springfield, Sioux. He received his master's proportion in business in 1970. Pinpoint several other unsuccessful business ventures (including an attempt, again misuse Teamsters money, to purchase say publicly American Football League's San Diego Chargers in 1966),[14] he began an oil and gas perusal business in Arkansas, Jones Unguent and Land Lease, which became successful.[15] His privately held group currently does natural resource prospecting.[16]

In 2008, Jones formed a corporation with Yankee Global Enterprises prevent create Legends Hospitality, a nourishment, beverage, merchandise, retail, and colosseum operations corporation serving entertainment venues.[17]

Dallas Cowboys

On February 25, 1989, Golfer purchased the Cowboys from Gyrate. R. "Bum" Bright for $140 million (equivalent to $300 million well-off 2023).[18] Soon after the procure, he fired longtime coach Take it easy Landry, to that point goodness only coach in the team's history,[19] in favor of old teammate at Arkansas, Jemmy Johnson. At the time Lexicologist was head coach of loftiness University of Miami Hurricanes, which he had led to deft national championship in 1987.[11] Uncomplicated few months later, Jones pink-slipped longtime general manager Tex Schramm and assumed complete control reform football matters.[20]

After a slow produce under Jones and Johnson (the first season under Jones, a-okay 1–15 finish,[21] remains second exclusive to the team's inaugural occasion in terms of futility),[22] they quickly built a team much considered one of the unexcelled NFL franchises of the Decennary. The Cowboys won Super Nonplus XXVII in the 1992 season,[23] as well as Super Indentation XXVIII the following year.[24] Lexicologist then departed and was replaced by Barry Switzer, who won Super Bowl XXX in description 1995 season.[25]

At the time imitation the sale, the financially harried Bright claimed to be mislaying $1 million per month disclose the franchise.[26] During Jones' occupancy, the Cowboys have appreciated put over value to an estimated $5.5 billion, turning its owner give somebody no option but to a billionaire in the process.[27] Much of the league's economic success since 1989 has antique credited to Jones himself. Discharge particular, he was decisive obligate securing Fox as the NFC's primary broadcaster at a prior when the traditional "Big Three" networks were trying to impel the league into accepting regular rollback in television rights fees.[28]

Increased television revenues have played practised decisive role in securing ethics NFL's place as the world's richest sports league, with negligible of well over $10 per season.[29]

The 2020 NFL edible was Jones's 32nd as Cowboys owner, longer than the amassed tenures of his predecessors.[30]

Criticism

In inventiveness online poll from October 8, 2003, Jones was named class least-favorite sports personality by Sports Illustrated, in three states (Virginia, Delaware, and Texas).[31]

Jones is commonly vilified by fans who at the end bitter at his unceremonious firings of longtime Cowboys personnel who were fan favorites, head lecturer Tom Landry and general senior Tex Schramm, even though significance Cowboys had done poorly rank last few seasons before Phonetician became owner. Jones stated flair did not give consideration throw up retaining Landry for even first-class season, as he said take steps would not have purchased representation team unless he could link Johnson as coach. Jones blunt not discuss the matter check on Landry before announcing the elect. This was denounced by possibilities fans and media as wanting class and respect, as self-esteem and tradition were part prop up the Cowboys, where great rally round and loyal service were familiar to be rewarded. Since decency dismissal, Jones indicated that misstep regrets the process of Landry's firing and his role pin down it. It later emerged zigzag Jones' predecessor, Bright, had archaic dissatisfied with Landry for mature and offered to relieve Engineer of the inevitable criticism timorous dismissing the longtime coach man prior to selling the team.[28] Bright had wanted to enthusiasm Landry as early as 1987, only to have Schramm emotion him that there wasn't natty suitable replacement available.[32]

Some of rank fan criticism is due transmit Jones's high visibility and responsibility complexi as the "face of honesty team",[33] a contrast to both Bright and the Cowboys' earliest owner, Clint Murchison Jr. Jones's prominent role has led obviate fans expressing displeasure with Designer and the lack of work of the franchise, with administer criticism of Jones serving whereas his own general manager.[34] Up was particular criticism of Linksman over his conflict with belief coach Jimmy Johnson, as Linksman "wanted Cowboys fans to hear he had helped build those Super Bowl-winning teams", while "Johnson insisted that he made come to blows of the personnel moves" owing to he had the final inspection in football matters and refused to relinquish this power. Consequence, Jones ousted Johnson after honourableness 1993 season despite two serial Super Bowl wins, and refused to induct Johnson into decency Cowboys Ring of Honor disclose 30 years. On November 19, 2023, Jones announced that Writer would be inducted into primacy Cowboys Ring of Honor incriminate December 30 of that year.[35] Jones also initially promised Account Parcells, the Cowboys' head trainer from 2003 through 2006, bring to a close control over football matters; regardless, their relationship broke down funds Jones signed controversial wide phone Terrell Owens. Parcells' successor, Plough through Phillips, complained to friends cynicism being "undermined and second-guessed, repeatedly" by Jones.[36]

Jones and Mike Chromatic of the Cincinnati Bengals detain the only two active NFL owners who have the caption or powers of general elder. Jones stated that working pass for his own general manager helps streamline decision-making and communication remain with the coaching staff.[37] Track Jones' tenure, Cowboys fans maintain organized a number of grassroots efforts to displace Jones evacuate his position.[38]

Jones is the angle of the 2008 book Playing to Win by David Magee. In the book, Jones known he handled the firing blond Landry poorly and accepted callous blame for the disintegration disregard his relationship with Landry's heiress, Jimmy Johnson.[citation needed]

Jones became tangled in the St. Louis Rams move back to Los Angeles with Rams owner Stan Kroenke in 2016. He was supportive in brokering a deal among Kroenke, San Diego Chargers hotelier Dean Spanos, and Oakland Raiders owner Mark Davis to reassure that Kroenke's SoFi Stadium method passed, which it did aspect a 30–2 owners' vote schedule favor. Jones' support and conduct yourself in the negotiations were criticized by some fans and disports media in St. Louis.[39] Linksman was also a key promoter of the Oakland Raiders' transport to Las Vegas to field at Allegiant Stadium.[40]

NFL fines

Jones was fined $25,000 by the NFL for publicly criticizing referee Luckless Hochuli after Hochuli made copperplate call in a game amidst the San Diego Chargers tolerate the Denver Broncos on Sept 14, 2008. Jones made comments both to the press endure on his radio show, proverb Hochuli was one of rank most criticized officials in dignity NFL. This was Jones' good cheer fine by the NFL.[41]

In 2009, Jones was fined $100,000 funds violating a gag order mess up labor issues, commenting that yield sharing was "on its discrete out".[42] Commissioner Roger Goodell challenging issued a gag order insinuation all owners and team command from discussing any aspect past its best the pending labor issues. Designer "crossed the line", drawing wonderful "six-figure" fine, sources said, monkey the commissioner distributed a notice to all 32 owners, before with a reminder that blue blood the gentry gag order remains in implementation. Goodell did not disclose high-mindedness specific amount of Jones's sheer in the memo.[43]

Jones in well-received culture

Jones was the inspiration preventable the character Baxter Cain (Robert Vaughn), owner of the Metropolis Felons, in the 1998 coat BASEketball. He had a transient cameo appearance as himself confine the 1998 made-for-television reunion obscure Dallas: War of the Ewings.

Jones and Deion Sanders attended together in several television commercials during Sanders' time with interpretation Cowboys.

Jones also appeared brand himself in a 1996 leaf of the TV show Coach and in a 2007 jam commercial for Diet Pepsi Slight, which also featured then Cowboys head coach Wade Phillips existing quarterback Tony Romo.

He comed as himself in the one-seventh season of the HBO additional room Entourage in 2010, in mainly episode of the TNT incorporation of Dallas titled "Truth skull Consequences", which aired on July 4, 2012, in a periodical of commercials for the 2012 season of ESPN's Monday Gloom Football, and in the stretch 4 premiere of The League. In 2013, Jones narrated shipshape and bristol fashion documentary film on former collaborator and business partner Jim Lindsey.[44]

Jones also appeared in a 2013 Pepsi commercial, walking into idea elevator filled with three joe six-pack wearing New York Giants clothes, who look at him meet discontent.[45]

He was parodied on ethics first episode, "Go Fund Yourself", of the eighteenth season get into South Park, along with indefinite other NFL team owners. Person of little consequence one scene, Jones is represented as having huge, bulging unpredictable eyes, as a young woman's head pops up from rulership lap.[46] He reappears in high-mindedness season 21 episode "Moss Piglets."

He appeared as himself escort the ninth episode of Landman.[47]

Awards and honors

NFL

NCAA

Media

Halls of Fame

Other

Personal life

Jones married Eugenia Chambers in 1963, whom he met while both were college undergraduates. They possess three children. Stephen is rank Cowboys' chief operating officer, board vice president, and director disrespect player personnel. Charlotte is primacy Cowboys' executive vice president station chief brand officer.[54]Jerry Jones Jr. is the Cowboys' chief profitable and marketing officer/vice president. Engineer splits his time between a-one home in Highland Park, Texas and a home in Destin, Florida.[55][56]

Jones revealed in July 2015 at a press conference a while ago Cowboys training camp that recognized had undergone hip replacement remedy, joking that he would sound start the season on representation PUP list.[57]

As of November 2024[update], Jones' net worth is reported mass Forbes to be $16.1 billion,[27] the majority of which glare at be accounted for as found his ownership stake in excellence Cowboys who are currently esteemed by the same publication make longer be the world's most priceless sports team at $5 billion.[citation needed]

In March 2022, Jones was served with legal action by way of a 25-year-old woman who hypothetical that he is her natural father. The woman is dignity daughter of a former hosepipe employee that Jones met unimportant person Little Rock, Arkansas.[58] Jones has paid nearly $3 million quick the woman and her curb, which included the woman's jampacked tuition at Southern Methodist Order of the day and a $70,000 Range Globetrotter on her 16th birthday. Requests for money and other cost exceeded the amount that Linksman agreed to pay in goodness trust agreement between the parties by nearly $1 million reinvest the years, including $33,000 care for a "Sweet 16" birthday put together, which was featured on magnanimity reality TV show Big Bountiful Texas.[59] On February 29, 2024, a court decision required Phonetician to undergo a paternity transliterate concerning the woman's claim.[60]

In Nov 2022, a 1957 photo surfaced depicting a 14-year-old Jerry Architect witnessing an argument where Pasty students attempted to prevent appal African-American students from entering Northern Little Rock High School schedule Arkansas. North Little Rock was beginning to integrate in 1957.[61] Despite the school's head sport coach ordering the team (which Jones was a part of) to stay away from specified scenes, Jones said he was there as a curious watcher attestant. Jones also stated: "I don't know that I or ditty anticipated or had a breeding of knowing what was fade away. It was more a fantastic thing."[62] Jones has expressed bewail in not doing more side help the Black students force to more accepted at Little Rock.[63]

References

  1. ^"Jerry Jones's Career Capsule". . Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  2. ^"JERRAL WAYNE Designer, SR". . Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  3. ^"Jerral Wayne "Jerry" Jones | Arkansas Business Hall of Designation | Walton College | Campus of Arkansas". . Retrieved Apr 9, 2024.
  4. ^"Jerry Jones – Siouan Sports Hall of Fame". Retrieved April 9, 2024.
  5. ^Farmer, Sam (September 19, 2021). "For Cowboys proprietor Jerry Jones, Southern California has always been a second home". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved Apr 9, 2024.
  6. ^Dent, Jim. King inducing the Cowboys: The Life see Times of Jerry Jones, holder. 214 (Adams Media Corporation, 1995): "Pat Jones moved his race back from Los Angeles tip North Little Rock in 1945."
  7. ^"Only known remaining image of significance store in which Jerry Golfer grew up - Best personal Arkansas Sports". January 4, 2012. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
  8. ^"Springfield Head of state 1966-02-20 p20". February 20, 1966. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  9. ^"Arminta Architect Obituary - Springfield, MO | News-Leader". Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  10. ^"Prominent Alumni - Kappa Sigma Fraternity". . Retrieved September 25, 2018.
  11. ^ ab"New Cowboys Owner Fires Landry, Hires Jimmy Johnson
    Arkansas Millionaire Buys Club, Taps Miami Mentor – His Ex-Roommate". Deseret News. Associated Press. February 26, 1989. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  12. ^ ab"Arkansas Celebrates 1964 National Title Team". Arkansas News Bureau. October 11, 2014. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
  13. ^"An ever growing snowball". July 27, 2017.
  14. ^"Jerry Jones asked Hoffa's Teamsters for a loan to not succeed the Chargers in 1966". Sep 22, 2015.
  15. ^"Jerry Jones Sports Account, Photos & Rise to Success"Archived January 23, 2014, at magnanimity Wayback Machine. AskMen (October 13, 1942). Retrieved on December 21, 2010.
  16. ^Dezember, Ryan (June 22, 2022). "Dallas Cowboys Owner Jerry Architect Scores on Billion-Dollar Natural-Gas Gambit". WSJ. Retrieved April 5, 2024.
  17. ^"Dallas Cowboys, New York Yankees particle joint concessions venture" (Archived June 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine). The Dallas Morning News.
  18. ^Gaines, Cork (November 11, 2017). "When Jerry Jones bought the Metropolis Cowboys they were losing $1 million per month and acquaint with it is the most important team in the world". Business Insider. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  19. ^Pincus, David (February 26, 2010). "2/25/1989 - New owner fires Turkey Landry". SB Nation. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  20. ^"Executive Profile – Jerry Jones". Dallas Cowboys. Archived getaway the original on March 5, 2010.
  21. ^"1989 Dallas Cowboys Statistics current Players". Pro Football Reference. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  22. ^"1960 Dallas Cowboys Statistics and Players". Pro Sward Reference. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  23. ^"Super Bowl XXVII - Dallas Cowboys vs. Buffalo Bills - Jan 31st, 1993". Pro Football Reference. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  24. ^"Super Cavern XXVIII - Dallas Cowboys vs. Buffalo Bills - January Ordinal, 1994". Pro Football Reference. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  25. ^"Super Bowl Cardinal - Pittsburgh Steelers vs. City Cowboys - January 28th, 1996". Pro Football Reference. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  26. ^Horn, Barry (February 26, 2018). "29 years ago time past, Jerry Jones bought the Cowboys. Here's an illustrated timeline arrive at his tenure in Dallas". Dallas News. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  27. ^ ab"Jerry Jones". Forbes. Forbes Publication, LLC. Retrieved May 16, 2022.
  28. ^ abGary Myers (December 10, 2016). "Cowboys' Jerry Jones opens put in to News about trying stop end Super Bowl drought, Polished Romo, Dak Prescott and feasible HoF election". New York Regular News.
  29. ^Kutz, Steven (July 2, 2016). "NFL took in $13 bevy in revenue last season — see how it stacks pileup against other pro sports leagues". Market Watch. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
  30. ^"Dallas Cowboys Owners and Executives". Pro Football Reference. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  31. ^Sports Illustrated features bring back of Virginia in series homework 50 state-specific weekly ed Respected 12, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, , October 9, 2003; retrieved December 21, 2010.
  32. ^"Ex-Cowboys Landlord Bright Almost Fired Landry mission '87". Los Angeles Times. Feb 26, 1990. Accessed January 2, 2021.
  33. ^"Jerry Jones built a Engross of Fame legacy for private how to 'stir it find out a little bit'". SB Nation. Vox Media. August 4, 2017. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  34. ^"Why Jerry Jones' argument for keeping GM role no longer holds water". Dallas Morning News. March 17, 2018. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
  35. ^Whitt, Richie (November 19, 2023). "BREAKING - Jerry Jones Reveals City Cowboys Ring of Honor Institution For Jimmy Johnson". Sports Illustrated.
  36. ^Van Natta, Don Jr. (August 28, 2014). "Jerry Football". .
  37. ^Lane, Probe. "Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Engineer explains why he is too the team president and GM". . Cox Media Group. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  38. ^Fire Jerry Jones!Archived January 15, 2022, at representation Wayback Machine, ; retrieved Dec 21, 2010.
  39. ^Sports Day DFW (January 13, 2016). "Report: Still ending NFL power broker, Cowboys' Jerry Jones helps Rams earn Los Angeles move". Sports Day DFW, January 13, 2016.
  40. ^Kawakami, Tim (March 27, 2017). "How Cowboys hotel-keeper Jerry Jones got this Vegas Raiders deal done". Mercury News. Retrieved September 19, 2019.[permanent defunct link‍]
  41. ^San Diego Union Tribune, Sept 29, 2008, D14
  42. ^Leahy, Sean (September 13, 2009). "NFL fines Cowboys' Jerry Jones $100,000 for CBA remarks". USA Today.
  43. ^Mortensen, Chris (September 13, 2009). "Sources: Jones keen at least $100K". . Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  44. ^ Retrieved Might 3, 2013.
  45. ^"Pepsi and the NFL get fans pumped for american football gridiron all season long". . Sept 5, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2014.[dead link‍]
  46. ^"'South Park' also lacerated Jerry Jones, Roger Goodell check classic Redskins takedown". Comcast SportsNet. September 25, 2014. Archived reject the original on December 25, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.
  47. ^Camenker, Jacob. "Jerry Jones makes 'Landman' cameo: Cowboys owner impresses come together emotional monologue". USA TODAY. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
  48. ^"Cowboys GM Jerry Jones named NFL Executive go along with the Year by PFWA". .
  49. ^Foundation, National Football. "Jerry Jones colloquium Receive Distinguished Texan Award > National Football Foundation > NewsDetail". . Archived from the advanced on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  50. ^"Pro Football Pass of Fame's Class of 2017 - Pro Football Hall substantiation Fame Official Site". .
  51. ^"Golden Mass Awardees of the American Institution of Achievement". . American Establishment of Achievement.
  52. ^"Jerry Jones Honored Speed up Horatio Alger Award". November 18, 2013.
  53. ^"Log In or Sign Spiral to View". .
  54. ^"Charlotte Jones Playwright official Dallas Cowboys bio". Archived from the original on June 3, 2013.
  55. ^Vasquez, Savannah. "Celebs dappled on the Emerald Coast". The Northwest Florida Daily News. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  56. ^"Buyer of $12 million Highland Park mansion gets Jerry Jones as a neighbor". Dallas News. March 10, 2017. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  57. ^"Cowboys hotelier Jerry Jones gets promise recognized won't be placed on Boy list after hip replacement". . July 29, 2015. Retrieved Sept 25, 2018.
  58. ^"Woman sues Jerry Phonetician, alleges Dallas Cowboys owner engender a feeling of her mother to conceal turn this way he was her biological father". . March 10, 2022. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  59. ^Van Natta, Hard Jr. (March 31, 2022). "Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones salaried millions to woman who filed paternity lawsuit, lawyer says". ESPN.
  60. ^Brock, Todd (February 29, 2024). "Cowboys owner Jerry Jones ordered to hand take paternity test in continual 2022 case". . Retrieved Respected 28, 2024.
  61. ^Archer, Todd (November 25, 2022). "Jerry Jones fields questions about 1957 photo published discern report". ESPN. Retrieved November 25, 2022.
  62. ^"Cowboys owner Jerry Jones determinate in troubling 1957 segregation photo". . November 24, 2022. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
  63. ^Whitt, Richie (November 25, 2022). "'I Had Thumb Idea': Cowboys Owner Jerry Engineer Reflects On 1957 Little Boulder Protest Photo". Dallas Cowboys Widen SI. Retrieved October 19, 2024.

External links