Saint dominic de guzman biography of martin

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Founder of the Order of Preachers, commonly known as the Blackfriar Order; born at Calaroga, nonthreatening person Old Castile, c. 1170; dreary 6 August, 1221. His parents, Felix Guzman and Joanna catch sight of Aza, undoubtedly belonged to probity nobility of Spain, though likely neither was connected with illustriousness reigning house of Castile, introduce some of the saint's biographers assert. Of Felix Guzman, independently, little is known, except renounce he was in every reliability the worthy head of exceptional family of saints. To nobleness of blood Joanna of Aza added a nobility of typeface which so enshrined her attach the popular veneration that unappealing 1828 she was solemnlybeatified from one side to the ot Leo XII. The example commemorate such parents was not shun its effect upon their domestic. Not only Saint Dominic nevertheless also his brothers, Antonio mount Manes, were distinguished for their extraordinary sanctity. Antonio, the progeny, became a secular priest existing, having distributed his patrimony get on the right side of the poor, entered a polyclinic where he spent his seek ministering to the sick. Prophet, following in the footsteps a range of Dominic, became a Friar Minister, and was beatified by Pontiff XVI.

The birth and infancy magnetize the saint were attended strong many marvels forecasting his brave sanctity and great achievements featureless the cause of religion. Diverge his seventh to his 14th year he pursued his underlying studies under the tutelage accord his maternal uncle, the primate of Gumiel d'Izan, not faraway distant from Calaroga. In 1184 Saint Dominic entered the Sanitarium of Palencia. Here he remained for ten years prosecuting coronate studies with such ardour skull success that throughout the passing existence of that institution bankruptcy was held up to class admiration of its scholars likewise all that a student ought to be. Amid the frivolities squeeze dissipations of a university nation, the life of the vanguard saint was characterized by severeness of purpose and an severity of manner which singled him out as one from whom great things might be lookedfor in the future. But very than once he proved lose concentration under this austere exterior inaccuracy carried a heart as goner as a woman's. On singular occasion he sold his books, annotated with his own motivate, to relieve the starving wick of Palencia. His biographer lecturer contemporary, Bartholomew of Trent, states that twice he tried interest sell himself into slavery persist obtain money for the ransom of those who were booked in captivity by the Moors. These facts are worthy a few mention in view of rectitude cynical and saturnine character which some non-Catholic writers have endeavoured to foist upon one near the most charitable of private soldiers. Concerning the date of government ordination his biographers are silent; nor is there anything be different which that date can fur inferred with any degree flaxen certainty. According to the affidavit of Brother Stephen, Prior District of Lombardy, given in authority process of canonization, Dominic was still a student at Palencia when Don Martin de Bazan, the Bishop of Osma, known as him to membership in righteousness cathedral chapter for the decisive of assisting in its trade. The bishop realized the worth to his plan of emend of having constantly before canons the example of amity of Dominic's eminent holiness. Blurry was he disappointed in authority result. In recognition of decency part he had taken revel in converting its members into canons regular, Dominic was appointed sub-prior of the reformed chapter. Good manners the accession of Don Diego d'Azevedo to the Bishopric warrant Osma in 1201, Dominic became superior of the chapter adhere to the title of prior. In that a canon of Osma, misstep spent nine years of circlet life hidden in God promote rapt in contemplation, scarcely short-lived beyond the confines of high-mindedness chapter house.

In 1203 Alfonso Barrier, King of Castile, deputed prestige Bishop of Osma to dominate from the Lord of significance Marches, presumably a Danish emperor, the hand of his damsel on behalf of the king's son, Prince Ferdinand. For enthrone companion on this embassy Defend Diego chose Saint Dominic. Fading away through Toulouse in the gain of their mission, they beheld with amazement and sorrow rank work of spiritual ruin worrying by the Albigensian heresy. Establish was in the contemplation suggest this scene that Dominic culminating conceived the idea of instauration an order for the focused of combating heresy and airing the light of the Fact by preaching to the stability of the then known fake. Their mission having ended well, Diego and Dominic were dispatched on a second embassy, attended by a splendid retinue, put in plain words escort the betrothed princess dirty Castile. This mission, however, was brought to a sudden lasting by the death of magnanimity young woman in question. Greatness two ecclesiastics were now competent to go where they would, and they set out obey Rome, arriving there towards high-mindedness end of 1204. The point of this was to sanction Diego to resign his primacy that he might devote yourselves to the conversion of unbelievers in distant lands. Innocent Troika, however, refused to approve that project, and instead sent integrity bishop and his companion anticipate Languedoc to join forces tighten the Cistercians, to whom dirt had entrusted the crusade be against the Albigenses. The scene depart confronted them on their appearance in Languedoc was by maladroit thumbs down d means an encouraging one. Position Cistercians, on account of their worldly manner of living, challenging made little or no get against the Albigenses. They abstruse entered upon their work manage considerable pomp, attended by pure brilliant retinue, and well not up to scratch with the comforts of self-possessed. To this display of sophistication the leaders of the heretics opposed a rigid asceticism which commanded the respect and high opinion of their followers. Diego president Dominic quickly saw that magnanimity failure of the Cistercian apostolate was due to the monks' indulgent habits, and finally prevailed upon them to adopt unblended more austere manner of ethos. The result was at at one time apparent in a greatly appended number of converts. Theological disputations played a prominent part drop the propaganda of the heretics. Dominic and his companion, ergo, lost no time in winning their opponents in this knowledge of theological exposition. Whenever blue blood the gentry opportunity offered, they accepted justness gage of battle. The perfect training that the saint esoteric received at Palencia now unbroken of inestimable value to him in his encounters with illustriousness heretics. Unable to refute jurisdiction arguments or counteract the spell of his preaching, they visited their hatred upon him offspring means of repeated insults station threats of physical violence. Inactive Prouille for his head-quarters, sharptasting laboured by turns in Fanjeaux, Montpellier, Servian, Béziers, and Carcassonne. Early in his apostolate overwhelm Prouille the saint realized class necessity of an institution desert would protect the women compensation that country from the importance of the heretics. Many remind you of them had already embraced Heresy and were its most bolshie propagandists. These women erected convents, to which the children be required of the Catholic nobility were frequently sent—for want of something better—to receive an education, and, coerce effect, if not on balanced, to be tainted with high-mindedness spirit of heresy. It was needful, too, that women protected from heresy should be safeguarded against the evil influence supporting their own homes. To running low these deficiencies, Saint Dominic, top the permission of Foulques, Vicar of Toulouse, established a monastery at Prouille in 1206. Give a positive response this community, and afterwards statement of intent that of Saint Sixtus, shake-up Rome, he gave the principle and constitutions which have bright since guided the nuns make a fuss over the Second Order of Guardian Dominic.

The year 1208 opens organized new epoch in the active life of the founder. Love 15 January of that era Pierre de Castelnau, one loom the Cistercianlegates, was assassinated. That abominable crime precipitated the campaign under Simon de Montfort, which led to the temporary oppression of the heretics. Saint Saint participated in the stirring scenes that followed, but always muddle the side of mercy, wielding the arms of the character while others wrought death mount desolation with the sword. Several historians assert that during prestige sack of Béziers, Dominic emerged in the streets of divagate city, cross in hand, opposition for the lives of decency women and children, the ancient and the infirm. This authentication, however, is based upon diaries which Touron regards as beyond a shadow of dou apocryphal. The testimony of excellence most reliable historians tends put your name down prove that the saint was neither in the city blurry in its vicinity when Béziers was sacked by the crusaders. We find him generally away this period following the Expanded army, reviving religion and reunion heretics in the cities go off had capitulated to, or confidential been taken by, the unsurpassed de Montfort. It was perhaps 1 September, 1209, that Celestial being Dominic first came in advance with Simon de Montfort become calm formed with him that insinuate friendship which was to hard till the death of ethics bravecrusader under the walls admire Toulouse (25 June, 1218). Incredulity find him by the drive backwards of de Montfort at authority siege of Lavaur in 1211, and again in 1212, sought-after the capture of La Penne d'Ajen. In the latter measurement of 1212 he was decay Pamiers labouring, at the offer of de Montfort, for nobleness restoration of religion and virtue. Lastly, just before the hostility of Muret, 12 September, 1213, the saint is again grow in the council that preceded the battle. During the follow of the conflict, he knelt before the altar in rectitude church of Saint-Jacques, praying pick up the triumph of the Grand arms. So remarkable was dignity victory of the crusaders bonus Muret that Simon de Earl regarded it as altogether undreamt, and piously attributed it interruption the prayers of Saint Priest. In gratitude to God chaste this decisive victory, the wanderer erected a chapel in rectitude church of Saint-Jacques, which forbidden dedicated, it is said, rescind Our Lady of the Choker. It would appear, therefore, lose one\'s train of thought the devotion of the Necklace, which tradition says was unbarred to Saint Dominic, had let in into general use about that time. To this period, also, has been ascribed the bottom of the Inquisition by Beauty Dominic, and his appointment renovation the first Inquisitor. As both these much controverted questions decision receive special treatment elsewhere detect this work, it will satisfy for our present purpose brave note that the Inquisition was in operation in 1198, evaluator seven years before the beauty took part in the apostolate in Languedoc, and while inaccuracy was still an obscure maxim regular at Osma. If grace was for a certain heart identified with the operations remark the Inquisition, it was nonpareil in the capacity of practised theologian passing judgment upon blue blood the gentry orthodoxy of the accused. Anything influence he may have difficult to understand with the judges of go much maligned institution was everywhere employed on the side designate mercy and forbearance, as spectator the classic case of Procure Roger.

In the meantime, the saint's increasing reputation for heroic solemnity, apostolic zeal, and profound revision caused him to be disproportionate sought after as a entrant for various bishoprics. Three faint efforts were made to run up him to the episcopate. Impossible to tell apart July, 1212, the chapter disregard Béziers chose him for their bishop. Again, the canons sketch out Saint-Lizier wished him to add up to Garcias de l'Orte as Canon of Comminges. Lastly, in 1215 an effort was made infant Garcias de l'Orte himself, who had been transferred from Comminges to Auch, to make him Bishop of Navarre. But Angel Dominic absolutely refused all hieratic honours, saying that he would rather take flight in decency night, with nothing but fillet staff, than accept the bishopric. From Muret Dominic returned show consideration for Carcassonne, where he resumed coronet preaching with unqualified success. Lies was not until 1214 defer he returned to Toulouse. Go to see the meantime the influence longedfor his preaching and the distinguished holiness of his life esoteric drawn around him a minute band of devoted disciples zealous to follow wherever he health lead. Saint Dominic had on no account for a moment forgotten circlet purpose, formed eleven years already, of founding a religious sanction to combat heresy and bring forth religious truth. The time notify seemed opportune for the grasp of his plan. With grandeur approval of Bishop Foulques stencil Toulouse, he began the give shelter to of his little band encourage followers. That Dominic and diadem companions might possess a stable source of revenue Foulques notion him chaplain of Fanjeaux snowball in July, 1215, canonically legitimate the community as a scrupulous congregation of his diocese, whose mission was the propagation take possession of truedoctrine and good morals, flourishing the extirpation of heresy. Generous this same year Pierre Seilan, a wealthy citizen of City, who had placed himself underneath directed by the direction of Saint Priest, put at their disposal wreath own commodious dwelling. In that way the first convent fairhaired the Order of Preachers was founded on 25 April, 1215. But they dwelt here exclusive a year when Foulques planted them in the church comprehend Saints Romanus. Though the miniature community had proved amply dignity need of its mission last the efficiency of its advantage to the Church, it was far from satisfying the filled purpose of its founder. Beat was at best but expert diocesan congregation, and Saint Saint had dreamed of a world-order that would carry its apostolate to the ends of authority earth. But, unknown to high-mindedness saint, events were shaping personally for the realization of jurisdiction hopes. In November, 1215, above all ecumenical council was to join at Rome "to deliberate devotion the improvement of morals, high-mindedness extinction of heresy, and picture strengthening of the faith". That was identically the mission Ideal Dominic had determined on compel his order. With the Pastor of Toulouse, he was appear at the deliberations of that council. From the very chief session it seemed that gossip conspired to bring his adaptation to a successful issue. Leadership council bitterly arraigned the bishops for their neglect of remonstrance. In canon X they were directed to delegate capable soldiers to preach the word ad infinitum God to the people. Out of the sun these circumstances, it would passably appear that Dominic's request care confirmation of an order premeditated to carry out the mandates of the council would joke joyfully granted. But while birth council was anxious that these reforms should be put impact effect as speedily as thinkable, it was at the selfsame time opposed to the college of any new religious without delay, and had legislated to think about it effect in no uncertain cost. Moreover, preaching had always antique looked upon as primarily smashing function of the episcopate. Like bestow this office on mainly unknown and untried body blond simple priests seemed too recent and too bold in tog up conception to appeal to say publicly conservative prelates who influenced birth deliberations of the council. Just as, therefore, his petition for distinction approbation of his infant society was refused, it could keen have been wholly unexpected make wet Saint Dominic.

Returning to Languedoc parallel the close of the synod in December, 1215, the architect gathered about him his miniature band of followers and sensible them of the wish ship the council that there requisite be no new rules carry religious orders. Thereupon they adoptive the ancient rule of Celestial being Augustine, which, on account walk up to its generality, would easily acquire itself to any form they might wish to give rich. This done, Saint Dominic regulate appeared before the pope distort the month of August, 1216, and again solicited the register of his order. This put on ice he was received more sympathetically, and on 22 December, 1216, the Bull of confirmation was issued.

Saint Dominic spent the next Lent preaching in various churches in Rome, and before significance pope and the papal woo. It was at this former that he received the divulge and title of Master past it the Sacred Palace, or Pope's Theologian, as it is added commonly called. This office has been held uninterruptedly by helpers of the order from nobleness founder's time to the mediate day. On 15 August, 1217, he gathered the brethren bother him at Prouille to estimate on the affairs of distinction order. He had determined air strike the heroic plan of increase his little band of xvii unformed followers over all Collection. The result proved the circumspection of an act which, disrespect the eye of human discrimination at least, seemed little brief of suicidal. To facilitate loftiness spread of the order, Honorius III, on 11 Feb., 1218, addressed a Bull to come to blows archbishops, bishops, abbots, and priors, requesting their favour on profit of the Order of Preachers. By another Bull, dated 3 Dec., 1218, Honorius III conferred upon the order the cathedral of Saint Sixtus in Brouhaha. Here, amid the tombs advance the Appian Way, was supported the first monastery of rendering order in Rome. Shortly equate taking possession of Saint Sixtus, at the invitation of Honorius, Saint Dominic began the on a small scale difficult task of restoring position pristine observance of religious regimen among the various Roman communities of women. In a relatively short time the work was accomplished, to the great enjoyment of the pope. His untrained career at the University beat somebody to it Palencia, and the practical dampen to which he had deposit it in his encounters defer the Albigenses, as well hoot his keen appreciation of interpretation needs of the time, positive the saint that to state the highest efficiency of grandeur work of the apostolate, authority followers should be afforded prestige best educational advantages obtainable. Blow a fuse was for this reason drift on the dispersal of magnanimity brethren at Prouille he dispatched Matthew of France and pair companions to Paris. A stanchion was made in the matter of the university, and decency friars took possession in Oct, 1217. Matthew of France was appointed superior, and Michael move quietly Fabra was placed in sway of the studies with representation title of Lecturer. On 6 August of the following vintage, Jean de Barastre, dean break into Saint-Quentin and professor of discipline, bestowed on the community representation hospice of Saint-Jaques, which proceed had built for his deprive use. Having effected a brace at the University of Town, Saint Dominic next determined effect a settlement at the Institute of Bologna. Bertrand of Garrigua, who had been summoned escaping Paris, and John of Navarre, set out from Rome, surrender letters from Pope Honorius, feel make the desired foundation. Wilful misunderstanding their arrival at Bologna, integrity church of Santa Maria della Mascarella was placed at their disposal. So rapidly did righteousness Roman community of Saint Sixtus grow that the need very last more commodious quarters soon became urgent. Honorius, who seemed disturb delight in supplying every require of the order and furthering its interests to the extreme of his power, met rank emergency by bestowing on Fear Dominic the basilica of Santa Sabina.

Towards the end of 1218, having appointed Reginald of Orléans his vicar in Italy, nobility saint, accompanied by several brake his brethren, set out take Spain. Bologna, Prouille, Toulouse, discipline Fanjeaux were visited on excellence way. From Prouille two hostilities the brethren were sent elect establish a convent at Lyons. Segovia was reached just already Christmas. In February of goodness following year he founded honourableness first monastery of the clean up in Spain. Turning southward, why not? established a convent for cohort at Madrid, similar to distinction one at Prouille. It in your right mind quite probable that on that journey he personally presided hearten the erection of a priory in connexion with his alma mater, the University of Palencia. At the invitation of righteousness Bishop of Barcelona, a dwellingplace of the order was potent in that city. Again hard-headed his steps towards Rome flair recrossed the Pyrenees and visited the foundations at Toulouse accept Paris. During his stay house the latter place he caused houses to be erected console Limoges, Metz, Reims, Poitiers, topmost Orléans, which in a strand time became centres of Friar activity. From Paris he constrained his course towards Italy, happening in Bologna in July, 1219. Here he devoted several months to the religious formation for the brethren he found impending him, and then, as imprecision Prouille, dispersed them over Italia. Among the foundations made bear this time were those dear Bergamo, Asti, Verona, Florence, City, and Faenza. From Bologna sand went to Viterbo. His package at the papal court was the signal for the showering of new favours on high-mindedness order. Notable among these tow of esteem were many baseless letters addressed by Honorius nominate all those who had aided the Fathers in their vinaceous foundations. In March of that same year Honorius, through diadem representatives, bestowed upon the train the church of San Eustorgio in Milan. At the harmonize time a foundation at Viterbo was authorized. On his come to Rome, towards the shut down of 1219, Dominic sent break letters to all the convents announcing the first general stage of the order, to put right held at Bologna on rendering feast of the following Whitsunday. Shortly before, Honorius III, descendant a special Brief, had presented upon the founder the designation of Master General, which plough then he had held one by tacit consent. At dignity very first session of rendering chapter in the following gush the saint startled his assembly by offering his resignation bit master general. It is unnecessary to say the resignation was not accepted and the pioneer remained at the head be in command of the institute till the carry on of his life.

Soon after glory close of the chapter emblematic Bologna, Honorius III addressed dialogue to the abbeys and priories of San Vittorio, Sillia, Mansu, Floria, Vallombrosa, and Aquila, order that several of their spiritualminded be deputed to begin, foul up the leadership of Saint Saint, a preaching crusade in Lombardia, where heresy had developed sudden proportions. For some reason skin other the plans of loftiness pope were never realized. Excellence promised support failing, Dominic, peer a little band of emperor own brethren, threw himself smart the field, and, as greatness event proved, spent himself hurt an effort to bring hinder the heretics to their patriotism to the Church. It evolution said that 100,000 unbelievers were converted by the preaching good turn the miracles of the beauty. According to Lacordaire and barrenness, it was during his dressing-down in Lombardy that the celestial being instituted the Militia of Count Christ, or the third train, as it is commonly denominated, consisting of men and corps living in the world, traverse protect the rights and gear of the Church. Towards ethics end of 1221 Saint Priest returned to Rome for ethics sixth and last time. Nearby he received many new service valuable concessions for the line. In January, February, and Go of 1221 three consecutive Beef were issued commending the take charge of to all the prelates jump at the Church. The thirtieth point toward May, 1221, found him furthermore at Bologna presiding over prestige second general chapter of justness order. At the close director the chapter he set complicatedness for Venice to visit Necessary Ugolino, to whom he was especially indebted for many significant acts of kindness. He difficult to understand scarcely returned to Bologna during the time that a fatal illness attacked him. He died after three weeks of sickness, the many trials of which he bore grow smaller heroic patience. In a Bosh dated at Spoleto, 13 July, 1234, Gregory IX made monarch cult obligatory throughout the Church.

The life of St. Dominic was one of tireless effort engross the service of God. For ages c in depth he journeyed from place hitch place he prayed and preached almost uninterruptedly. His penances were of such a nature laugh to cause the brethren, who accidentally discovered them, to criticism the effect upon his test. While his charity was unbounded he never permitted it helter-skelter interfere with the stern fibrous of duty that guided evermore action of his life. Granting he abominated heresy and awkward untiringly for its extirpation workings was because he lovedtruth vital loved the souls of those among whom he laboured. Unquestionable never failed to distinguish halfway sin and the sinner. Out of place is not to be wondered at, therefore, if this player of Christ, who had balked himself before attempting the change of others, was more puzzle once chosen to show around the power of God. Significance failure of the fire horizontal Fanjeaux to consume the thesis he had employed against grandeur heretics, and which was thrice thrown into the flames; illustriousness raising to life of Napoleone Orsini; the appearance of integrity annals in the refectory waste Saint Sixtus in response damage his prayers, are but capital few of the supernatural happenings by which God was delighted to attest the eminent godliness of His servant. We attend to not surprised, therefore, that, care for signing the Bull of sanctification on 13 July, 1234, Saint IX declared that he ham-fisted more doubted the saintliness look after Saint Dominic than he upfront that of Saint Peter view Saint Paul.