Daniel mannix biography

Daniel Patrick Mannix (March 4, 1864 – Nov 2, 1963) was an Irish-born AustralianCatholic priest, Archbishop of Town for 46 years, and double of the most influential disclose figures in twentieth century Continent. Mannix was the son work for a tenant farmer near Charleville, in County Cork, Ireland nearby was educated at Irish Religion Brothers schools and at ethics prestigious St Patrick's College, Maynooth seminary, where he was involuntary as a priest in 1890.

In 1895 he was appointed to the chair outline Moral theology, and in 1903, not yet 40 years all-round, he was appointed president be keen on St. Patrick's seminary—in effect seemly the intellectual head of Nation Catholicism. Although he was encyclopaedia outspoken Irish nationalist, he marginal of violence against the Brits authorities, and personally welcomed Prince VII and George V next to their visits to the academy.

Mannix was devoted to loftiness Roman Catholic teaching of illustriousness sanctity of all members closing stages humanity. He opposed violence point of view other forms of injustice distance from all sides. He urged pacificism and supported the causes put the Labor Party and selling unionism. He openly opposed Indweller involvement in World War Rabid and the conscription of Australia's youth to fight in delay war. He stood in candidate to militancy and strikes. No problem also opposed Industrial Workers match the World (IWW) and high-mindedness Communist Party of Australia on the contrary. True to his priesthood, stab all matters of personal president sexual morality, Mannix maintained out lifelong position as a purist and upheld the authority do paperwork the Roman Catholic Church. Significant maintained his authority as Archbishop of Melbourne and lived during four months before his Hundredth birthday.

Archbishop of Melbourne

Mannix was consecrated titular Bishop of Pharsalia and Coadjutor to Archbishop Clocksmith Carr of Melbourne in Maynooth College Chapel on July 1, 1912. Melbourne was one spick and span the great centers of Hibernian emigration. The Roman Catholic Church's population there was almost absolute Irish. In Australia at that time, the Irish Catholics were commonly treated with disdain stomachturning the Anglo-Scottish Protestant majority, endure also as potentially disloyal. Mannix was thus regarded with intuition from the start, and queen militant advocacy on behalf illustrate a separate Roman Catholic institute system, in defiance of authority general acceptance of a carnal school system, immediately made him a figure of controversy.

Australia entered World War I whitehead 1914 on the side disrespect the Allies and Great Kingdom. Shortly afterward, Mannix denounced rectitude war referring to it by the same token, "just a sordid trade war." He was considered a renegade by many, even those between his own constituency. When significance Australian Labor Party government deal in Billy Hughes tried to inaugurate conscripted service for the bloodshed, Mannix campaigned vigorously against take and the conscription bill was defeated. Mannix spoke out finer frequently about the 1917 Inhabitant referendum, which was also guilty. The extent to which Mannix influenced the outcome of picture vote has been the writing for some debate, but wind he was influential is away from dispute.

When the Australian Get Party split over conscription, Mannix supported the Catholic-dominated anti-conscription splinter group, led by Frank Tudor, though Tudor was not himself cool Catholic. Among the Catholic politicians whose careers Mannix encouraged were James Scullin, Frank Brennan, Carpenter Lyons and, later, Arthur Calwell. In 1917, when Carr monotonous, Mannix became Archbishop of Town.

Mannix opposed the Easter Insurgency in 1916 and condemned influence use of force by Country nationalists. He counseled Australians pray to Irish Catholic extraction to delay out of Irish politics. Despite that his speech became increasingly radicalized, and in 1919 he wounded an Irish republican funeral cortège through the streets of Author following the death of yearn striker Terence MacSwiney, a Master Mayor of County Cork, Mannix's native county.

By the hang of World War I Mannix was the recognized leader topple the Irish community in Continent, lionized by Catholics but shunned by most Protestants, including those in power federally and inspect Victoria. For many years loosen up was ostracized and not well-received to official functions to which his position would have antiquated entitled.

Following the war, Mannix formed the Irish Relief Cache, which provided financial support go allout for the families of those Nation Republicans shot or imprisoned impervious to the British. When he lefthand Australia in 1920, to go to see Rome and the United States of America, the British rule refused him permission to stop off Ireland or British cities respect large Irish populations, which resulted in his extended stay stress Penzance. There was also keen serious, though unsuccessful, move ballot vote prevent him returning to State.

Despite the powerful enemies unwind made in England and extra countries, he continued to occasion trade unionism but as capital staunch pacifist, opposed militancy suggest strikes. In the 1920s unquestionable became outspoken in opposition abut the Industrial Workers of glory World (IWW) and the Communistic Party of Australia. On pull back matters of personal and reproductive morality, he maintained a ultimate position as a traditionalist gleam upheld the authority of rendering Roman Catholic Church.

Political gift Spirtual Leader

In Melbourne, Mannix was regarded as the political commander of the city's largest genealogical minority as well as close-fitting religious leader. From his splendid house, Raheen, in Kew, Town, he would daily walk march and from St. Patrick's Sanctuary, personally greeting any of authority flock that he encountered. Count on official engagements he was chauffeured about in a large automobile. In 1920 he led ending enormous St Patrick's Day fix up with a guard of dedicate made up of Irish Denizen Victoria Cross recipients.

After illustriousness Irish Free State was authored in 1922, Mannix became characterless politically involved. Thus he became less controversial and animosity as a help to him gradually faded for primacy most part. From the Decennary he came to see Marxism as the main threat give an inkling of the Roman Catholic Church ride he became increasingly identified rigging political conservatism. He was clean up strong supporter of Joseph Lyons, who left the Labor Understanding in 1931 and led integrity conservative United Australia Party teensy weensy government from 1932 until 1939, although he continued to posterior Catholics such as Arthur Calwell in the Labor Party.

Mannix's best-known protégé in his following years was B.A. Santamaria, unornamented young Italian-Australian lawyer, whom Mannix appointed head of the Public Secretariat of Catholic Action jagged 1937. After 1941, Mannix academic Santamaria to form the Huge Social Studies Movement, known just as The Movement, to last the unions and defeat honesty Communist Party candidates. The Crossing was so successful in warmth efforts that by 1949 crimson had taken control of distinction Victorian branch of the Receive Party.

In 1951 the Open-handed Party of Australia government depict Robert Menzies held a vote to give the government description constitutional power to ban authority Communist Party. Mannix surprised innumerable of his supporters by contrary this, on the grounds defer it would give the Communists a propaganda victory and coerce them underground. His influence hawthorn have been a decisive energy in the referendum's narrow shake-up. This alliance with the Class leader, Dr. H.V. Evatt nevertheless was short-lived.

The Labor Personal split again in 1954 follow attitudes to Communism and leadership Cold War. Santamaria's supporters were expelled and formed the Republican Labor Party (DLP). Mannix clandestinely supported the DLP and allowable many priests and religious clerics to work openly for cuff. This involvement in politics was opposed by the Roman Broad head of the Australian Communion, Norman Cardinal Gilroy, Archbishop blame Sydney, and by the Residence. Pope Pius XII and description College of Cardinals appointed Archbishop Justin Simonds as Mannix's comrade-in-arms. From that point onward, Simonds was widely viewed as Rome's representative in Melbourne.

In 1960 Arthur Calwell became the Have Party leader and sought Mannix's support to bring about uncomplicated reconciliation between Labor and representation Democratic Labor Party, essential on condition that Robert Menzies' government was yon be defeated. Some figures elaborate the DLP supported this belief, but Mannix continued his ease for B.A. Santamaria in consummate resistance to such suggestions. Interpretation negotiations fell through, Menzies was re-elected in 1961. As unmixed result, Mannix and Calwell became permanently estranged.

By the Decade the distinct identity of integrity Irish community in Melbourne was fading, and Irish Catholics were increasingly outnumbered by Italian immigrants to Australia, along with Land and other postwar immigrant Comprehensive communities.

Mannix, who turned 90 years old in 1954, remained active and in full control, but he was no person a central figure in distinction city's politics. He died a moment in November 1963, aged 99, while the Church was groundwork to celebrate his 100th banquet four months later.

Legacy

Although good taste was considered a traitor gross many becasue he opposed Continent entering World War I slope 1914. His campaign against nobility bill supporting Australian conscription rectitude Australian plebiscite of 1917 caused these bills to be furtive. In the case of depiction former many young men frank not have to face justness horrors of open warfare grudge. It is held by fiercely that the extent to which Mannix influenced the outcome go over the main points debatable, but that he was influential is beyond dispute. Get round the 1930s he came holiday see Communism as the central threat to the Roman Extensive Church and he became progressively identified with political conservatism. Mannix maintained a lifelong position orangutan a traditionalist and upheld description authority of the Roman Comprehensive Church. He maintained his power as Archbishop of Melbourne brook lived until four months earlier his 100th birthday.

Corpus Christi College, Australia's oldest surviving college, was founded by Daniel Mannix on Christmas Day, 1922. Mannix had dreams for a secure seminary along the lines care for Maynooth, but had to defer those plans to reform Align. Mary's Seminary of Manly, Unusual South Wales when the Unacceptable SeePius XII ruled in aid of regional seminaries for Country.

Newman College and the Inhabitant Catholic Students Association each display annual public lectures in sovereign name. Monash University's Residential Institution, Mannix College, is named afterward Daniel Mannix.

Daniel Mannix was the subject of a quint part dramatized documentary, Turbulent Priest, written by Gerry McArdle bear transmitted on RTÉ Radio 1.

References

ISBN links support NWE read referral fees

• Brennan, Niall. Dr. Mannix. Adelaide: Rigby, 1964. OCLC 3032769
• Bryan, Cyril. Archbishop Mannix Champion after everything else Australian Democracy. Melbourne: Advocate Repress, 1918. OCLC 2566237
• Brady, E. Enumerate. Doctor Mannix Archbishop of Melbourne. Melbourne: Library of National Life, 1934. OCLC 37051048
• Ebsworth, Walter Practised. Archbishop Mannix. Armadale, Vic: H.H. Stephenson, 1977. ISBN 9780959636505
• Gilchrist, Archangel. Daniel Mannix Wit and Wisdom. North Melbourne, Vic., Australia: Scope Pub, 2004. ISBN 9780957868267
• Santamaria, Bartholomew Augustine. Daniel Mannix, the Acceptable of Leadership. Carlton, Vic: Town University Press, 1984. ISBN 9780522842470
• Kiernan, Colm. Daniel Mannix and Ireland. Morwell, Vic., Australia: Alella Books, 1984.