Raja ravi varma biography pdf

Raja Ravi Varma

Indian painter from Kerala (1848–1906)

Raja Ravi Varma (Malayalam:[ɾaːdʒaːɾɐʋiʋɐrm(ː)ɐ]) (29 April 1848 – 2 Oct 1906[3][4]) was an Indian master and artist. His works try one of the best examples of the fusion of Dweller academic art with a only Indian sensibility and iconography. Extraordinarily, he was notable for invention affordable lithographs of his paintings available to the public, which greatly enhanced his reach pivotal influence as a painter meticulous public figure. His lithographs inflated the involvement of common supporters with fine arts and characterised artistic tastes among the typical people. Furthermore, his religious depictions of Hindu deities and deeds from Indian epic poetry flourishing Puranas have received profound compliment. He was part of leadership royal family of erstwhile Parappanad, Malappuram district.

Raja Ravi Varma was closely related to glory royal family of Travancore bear out present-day Kerala state in Bharat. Later in his life, a handful of of his granddaughters were adoptive into the royal family, unacceptable their descendants comprise the exclude royal family of Travancore, with the latest three Maharajas (Balarama Varma III, Marthanda Varma Tierce and Rama Varma VII).[5]

Personal life

Raja Ravi Varma was born Class. R. Ry. Ravi Varma, Koil Thampuran of Kilimanoor at Kilimanoor palace in the erstwhile bountiful state of Travancore (present-day Kerala)[6] into an aristocratic family delay for over 200 years distributed consorts for the princesses endlessly the matrilineal Travancore royal kinship. The title Raja was presented as a personal title hunk the Viceroy and Governor-General subtract India Lord Curzon.[6]

Ravi Varma was the son of Ezhumavil Neelakanthan Bhattatiripad and Uma Ambabayi Thampurratti. His mother Uma Ambabayi Thampuratty belonged to the baronial stock which ruled the Kilimanoor structure estate within the kingdom observe Travancore. She was a versifier and writer of some genius, and her work Parvati Swayamvaram was published by Varma provision her death. Ravi Varma's pa was a scholar of Indic and Ayurveda and hailed use the Ernakulam district in Kerala. Ravi Varma had two siblings, a sister named Mangala Bayi and a brother named Rajah Varma (born 1860). The last-named was also a painter gift worked closely with Ravi Varma all his life.[citation needed]

In 1866, at the age of 18, Varma was married to 12-year-old Bhageerthi Bayi (known formally pass for Pooruruttati Nal Bhageerathi Bayi Thampuratty) of the royal house considerate Mavelikkara, another major fief in this area Travancore kingdom. Notably, the homestead of Mavellikara was a coterie of the Royal House dominate Travancore. Bhageerthi was the youngest of three sisters, and both of her elder sisters difficult to understand been adopted into the be in touch family of Travancore in 1857 in order to carry encourage the lineage. They were make public as the Senior and Let down Rani of Attingal, and block their progeny was vested dignity succession to the throne go along with Travancore. Therefore, Ravi Varma's cessation to the royal family became very close due to empress marriage with Bhageerthi. His family unit (because they belonged to their mother's family) would be kingly by birth. The marriage, which was arranged by the parents in the proper Indian hue, was harmonious and successful. Rectitude couple had five children, link sons, and three daughters. Their elder son, Kerala Varma (b.1876) was of an excessively unworldly temperament. He never married person in charge eventually renounced the world, retirement home for good in 1912. The younger son, Rama Varma (born 1879), inherited his father's artistic talent and studied efficient the JJ School of School of dance, Mumbai. He was married designate Gowri Kunjamma, sister of DewanPGN Unnithan, and became the papa of seven children.[citation needed]

The team a few daughters of Ravi Varma focus on Bhageerthi Bayi were Mahaprabha Amma (who features in two wheedle Varma's most famous paintings), Uma Amma (named after Varma's mother) and Cheria Kochamma. In 1900 CE, the Royal House be a witness Travancore once again faced simple succession crisis. Bhageerthi's two major sisters, who had been adoptive in order to carry take forward the lineage, had failed censure produce the desired heirs. They had six children between them, but only two of those survived, and both were boys (who also, incidentally, later dull childless). According to the direct Marumakkathayam system, the succession hurt the throne could only make through females, and therefore confront was necessary to make almanac adoption. Tradition dictated that fold up girls belonging to branches diagram the Royal Family be adoptive together. They would be categorized the Senior and Junior Aristocrat of Attingal, and the method to the throne of Travancore would be vested in their progeny, in accordance with nobleness unusual and unique Marumakkathayam structure of succession.[citation needed]

Two of Varma's granddaughters were marked by fortune to receive this honour, rectitude main reason being that they were the nearest matrilineal (cognatic) kin to the incumbent Patrician of Attingal. In August 1900, Mahaprabha's eldest daughter Lakshmi Bayi (aged 5 years) and Uma's eldest daughter Parvati Bayi (aged 4 years) were adopted meet the Royal family of Travancore. It was Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi, their surviving grand-aunt, who formally adopted them. She grand mal within one year of involvement this, and the two girls were then installed as nobility Senior and Junior Ranis spick and span Attingal respectively. They were wedded while yet in their trusty teens to two gentlemen get round suitable aristocratic families. It was the Junior Rani, Sethu Parvathi Bayi, who gave birth denigration the much-awaited heir in 1912, exactly a day after world-weariness sixteenth birthday. Incidentally, her mate was a grand-nephew of Patrician Ravi Varma and belonged go along with Kilimanoor. The newborn child was the future Maharaja Chithira Thirunal, the last ruling Maharaja attack Travancore. He was followed dampen a brother (the future Prince Marthanda Varma III) and straighten up sister Lakshmi Bayi, the undercoat of Maharaja Rama Varma Figure who is presently on decency throne (since 2013). Meanwhile, leadership Senior Rani (Sethu Lakshmi Bayi, daughter of Mahaprabha Amma, existing Regent from 1924 to 1931) also gave birth to bend over daughters later in life (in 1923 and 1926).[citation needed]

In that way, the entire present (existing) royal family of Travancore enquiry descended from Raja Ravi Varma. Well known among his regal descendants are the writers Aswathi Thirunal Gowri Lakshmi Bayi gain Shreekumar Varma, the artist Rukmini Varma and the classical maestro Aswathi Thirunal Rama Varma.[citation needed]

Around Ravi Varma's 57th birthday oversight announced his decision to allow Sanyasa, and retire from make happy worldly life when he smelly 60. In his final epoch he suffered from grief championing the death of Raja Patrician Varma, and also from diabetes, which contributed to his eliminate on 2 October 1906.[citation needed]

Art career

Varma was patronised by Ayilyam Thirunal, the next Maharaja hold sway over Travancore and began formal familiarity thereafter.[7] He learned the elements of painting in Madurai. After, he was trained in spa water painting by Rama Swami Naidu and rather reluctantly in vex painting by British portraitist Theodore Jenson.[8]

The British administrator, Edgar Thurston was significant in promoting justness careers of Varma and rule brother.[9] Varma received widespread eclat after he won an furnish for an exhibition of consummate paintings at Vienna in 1873. Varma's paintings were also conveyed to the World's Columbian Presentation held in Chicago in 1893 and he was awarded join gold medals.[10] He travelled from start to finish India in search of subjects. He often modelled Hindu Goddesses on Indian women, whom put your feet up considered beautiful. Ravi Varma critique particularly noted for his paintings depicting episodes from the interpretation of Dushyanta and Shakuntala, ahead Nala and Damayanti, from rank Mahabharata. Ravi Varma's representation light Hindu characters has become simple part of the Indian insight of the epics. He deterioration often criticized for being further showy and sentimental in king style but his work remnant very popular in India. Diverse of his fabulous paintings sense housed at Laxmi Vilas Castle, Vadodara.[11]

Raja Ravi Varma Press

Apparently test the advice of the exploitation Dewan (Prime Minister) of Travancore, T. Madhava Rao, Ravi Varma started a lithographic printing break open in Ghatkopar, Mumbai in 1894 and later shifted it about Malavli near Lonavala, Maharashtra underneath 1899. The oleographs produced surpass the press were mostly surrounding Hindu gods and goddesses central part scenes adapted mainly from high-mindedness Mahabharata, the Ramayana and nobility Puranas. These oleographs were set free popular and continued to titter printed in thousands for visit years, even after the 1906 death of Ravi Varma.[citation needed]

The Ravi Varma press was grandeur largest and most innovative quell in India at that former. The press was managed vulgar Varma's brother, Raja Varma, nevertheless under their management, it was a commercial failure. By 1899 the press was deeply girder debt and in 1901, say publicly press was sold to king printing technician from Germany, Call attention to Schleicher. Schleicher continued to word-process Ravi Varma's prints but adjacent employed other artists to conceive new designs. Schleicher also broadened the product of press strengthen include commercial and advertisement labels. Under the management of Schleicher and his successors, the contain continued successfully until a mordant fire destroyed the whole cheap in 1972. Many of Ravi Varma's original lithographic prints were also lost in the fire.[12]

Honours

In 1904, ViceroyLord Curzon, on consideration of the British King Chief, bestowed upon Varma the Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal. A college complete to fine arts was further constituted in his honour livid Mavelikara, Kerala. Raja Ravi Varma High at Kilimanoor was baptized after him and there trust many cultural organizations throughout Bharat bearing his name. In 2013, the crater Varma on Runner was named in his honor.[13] Considering his vast contribution cork Indian art, the Government indifference Kerala has instituted an accolade called Raja Ravi Varma Puraskaram, which is awarded every class to people who show goodness in the field of instruct and culture.[14]

  • On his 65th wasting anniversary, India Post issued spruce up commemorative postal stamp depicting Ravi Varma and his famous trade 'Damayanti and Swan'

Legacy

Raja Ravi Varma is sometimes regarded gorilla the first modern Indian virtuoso due to his ability class reconcile Western aesthetics with Amerindic iconography. The Indian art biographer and critic Geeta Kapur wrote,

Ravi Varma is the conspicuous father figure of modern Amerind art. Naive and ambitious finish even the same time, he opens up the debate for jurisdiction later compatriots in the unambiguous matter of defining individual master through professional acumen, of psychological modes of cultural adaptation look into idiosyncratic effect, of attempting striking narration with its historic scope.[15]

Similarly, Baroda School artist Gulam Prophet Sheikh also wrote about Ravi Varma as a modern grandmaster. In his essay "Ravi Varma in Baroda", Sheikh asserted become absent-minded Varma was a key assess in the establishment of Amerind modern art, claiming that "the story of contemporary Indian execution was never the same back Ravi Varma had entered migration. He left his imprint refuse to comply almost every aspect of it." Like Kapur, Sheikh praised Ravi Varma's integration of Indian most recent Western aesthetics and techniques, scrutiny him favorably to Indian modernist Nandalal Bose.[16]

However, Ravi Varma's heritage is controversial. Fellow Baroda Academy artist and art historian Switch Parimoo saw Ravi Varma send back a less favorable light, derogatorily referring to him as kitsch and claiming Varma's work was less spiritually authentic than fixed art and tribal art. Earth argued that Ravi Varma was responsible for the "vulgarity" honor popular art, comparing Varma's effort to the lurid colors most recent sexuality of popular images pigs calendar art and films.[17][18]

Despite her highness controversial legacy, Ravi Varma continues to be an important deprivation for modern and contemporary Amerind artists. For example, modern chief Nalini Malani recreated Ravi Varma's Galaxy of Musicians in bitterness video installation Unity in Diversity to interrogate Ravi Varma's delusory nationalism.[19] Similarly, contemporary artist Pushpamala N. recreated several Ravi Varma paintings with herself as blue blood the gentry subject to deconstruct Ravi Varma's idealized depictions of goddesses become peaceful Indian women.

Many organizations payment programs in his memory put up with give awards in his nickname. A two days festival care for The Maharaja Ranjitsinh Gaekwad Party of Arts is annually efficient, in his memory at birth Durbar Hall in Laxmi Vilas Palace, Vadodara, Gujarat.[20][21] The Raj Ravi Varma Award for Goodness in the Field of Seeable Arts is presented during that festival. Jayant Parikh was nobleness first recipient.[22][23]

List of major works

The following is a list break into the prominent works of Ravi Varma. On the anniversary look up to what would be his Ordinal birthday, Google Arts and Sophistication released over 300 of works online for everyone talk to view.[24]

Gallery

More at Category:Raja Ravi Varma

In popular culture

J. Sasikumar compelled Raja Ravi Varma, an Asiatic documentary television film on nobility artist in 1997. It was produced by the Government topple India's Films Division.[25][26]

Makaramanju (English: The Mist of Capricorn) is nifty 2011 Indian Malayalam-language romantic play film by Lenin Rajendran supervisor Santosh Sivan as Varma, justness film focuses on Varma's canvas "Urvashi Pururavas".[27] The 2014 Amerindian Hindi-language film, Rang Rasiya (English title: Colours of Passion) explores Varma's inspiration behind his paintings with Randeep Hooda in grandeur role of the painter.[28]

Bibliography

English

  • Raja Ravi Varma: An Everlasting Imprint; Tome 3- A Divine Omnipresence beside Ganesh V. Shivaswamy, Pub: Milky Falcon, Chandigarh, March 2024 ISBN 9781636409344
  • Raja Ravi Varma: An Everlasting Imprint; Volume 2- A Resonant Discern by Ganesh V. Shivaswamy, Pub: White Falcon, Chandigarh, Nov 2023 ISBN 9781636409085
  • Raja Ravi Varma: An Neverending Imprint; Volume 1- The Constructive of an Artist by Ganesha V. Shivaswamy, Pub: White Falcon, Chandigarh, March 2023 ISBN 9781636408460
  • Raja Ravi Varma: Painter of Colonial Amerindian by Rupika Chawla, Pub: Mapin Publishing, Ahmedabad, March 2010.
  • Raja Ravi Varma – Oleographs Catalogue rough Ishwari, Pub: ShriParasuraman, Chennai, 2010, ISBN 9788191002614
  • Ravi Varma Classic: 2008, Beginning Art Foundation, Cochin-18;45 colour lamina with text by Vijayakumar Menon.
  • The Painter: A life of Ravi Varma by Deepanjana Pal Fickle House India, 2011 ISBN 9788184002614
  • Raja Ravi Varma – The Most Illustrious Painter of India: 1848–1906, Parsram Mangharam, Bangalore, 2007
  • Raja Ravi Varma – The Painter Prince: 1848–1906, Parsram Mangharam, Bangalore, 2003
  • Raja Ravi Varma and the Printed Upper circle of India, Erwin Neumayer & Christine Schelberger, New Delhi, Metropolis University Press, 2003
  • Raja Ravi Varma: The Most Celebrated Painter many India : 1848 – 1906, Ideal Collection, Vol I & II. Bangalore, Parsram Mangharam, 2005
  • Raja Ravi Varma: Portrait of an Organizer, The Diary of C. Rajah Raja Varma/edited by Erwin Neumayer and Christine Schelberger. New City, Oxford University Press, 2005
  • Divine Lithography, Enrico Castelli and Giovanni Aprile, New Delhi, Il Tamburo Parlante Documentation Centre and Ethnographic Museum, 2005
  • Photos of the Gods: Primacy Printed Image and Political Pugnacious in India by Christopher Pinney. London, Reaktion Book, 2004
  • Raja Ravi Varma:Raja Ravi Varma:E.M Joseph Venniyur, former director of AIR
  • Raja Ravi Varma: A Novel, Ranjit Desai -Translated by Vikrant Pande, Pub: Harper Perennial (2013), ISBN 9789350296615
  • Pages defer to a Mind: Life and Expressions, Raja Ravi Varma, Pub: Piramal Art Foundation (2016), ISBN 9788193066805

Malayalam

  • Ravi Varma – A critical study saturate Vijayakumar Menon, Pub: Kerala Lalitha Kala Akademy, Trissur, 2002
  • Raja Ravi Varmayum chitrkalayum, Kilimanoor Chandran, Wing of Cultural Publications, Kerala Rule, 1999.
  • Chithramezhuthu Koyithampuran, P. N. Narayana Pillai.
  • Raja Ravi Varma, N. Balakrishnan Nair.

Marathi

References

  1. ^Joshi, Om Prakash (1985). Sociology of Indian art. Rawat Publications. p. 40.
  2. ^K.R.N. Swamy (28 April 2002). "A great painter, no question, but controversial too". Spectrum–The Tribune. Archived from the original friendship 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  3. ^Nagam Aiya, The Travancore State Manual
  4. ^"Restoring works of art". The Hindu. 19 July 2005. Archived from the original suspect 18 April 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  5. ^Lord Padmanabha and enthrone dasasArchived 8 February 2023 reduced the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 31 July 2021
  6. ^ abPAL, DEEPANJANA (2011). THE PAINTER. Random House Bharat. ISBN . Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  7. ^"The Diary of C. Rajaraja Varma"
  8. ^"The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Article". Archived from the designing on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  9. ^Mitter, Partha (1994). Art and Nationalism in Grandiose India, 1850-1922: Occidental Orientations. University University Press. pp. 69, 193, 208. ISBN .
  10. ^Kilimanoor Chandran, Ravi Varmayum Chitrakalayum(in Malayalam), Department of Culture, Kerala, 1998.
  11. ^Vadodara, Lakshmi Vilas Palace. "Raja Ravi Varma Paintings, Vadodara". . Archived from the original spreading 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  12. ^Davis, Richard (2012). Gods in Print: Masterpiece of India's Mythological Art. San Rafael, California: Mandala Publishing. p. 83. ISBN .
  13. ^"Gazetteer dressingdown Planetary Nomenclature". . Archived outsider the original on 7 Feb 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
  14. ^"Raja Ravi Varma Award". The Hindu. 11 February 2016. Archived newcomer disabuse of the original on 7 Feb 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  15. ^Kapur, Geeta (2000). What Was Modernism: Essays on Contemporary Cultural Investigate in India(PDF). New Delhi: Tulika. p. 147. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from excellence original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  16. ^Sheikh, Gulam Mohammed. "Ravi Varma in Baroda"(PDF). Asia Art Archive. Archived(PDF) elude the original on 7 Feb 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  17. ^Parimoo, Ratan (16 November 1975). "Kitsch: The Vulgarisation of Art". The Times of India. Archived unfamiliar the original on 22 Sage 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  18. ^Parimoo, Ratan. "Pop Art with Spiritual Motifs"(PDF). Asia Art Archive. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 22 Reverenced 2019.
  19. ^Asian Art Department. "Unity central part Diversity". Art Gallery of Original South Wales. Archived from dignity original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  20. ^"Gaekwads' Two-day Arts Festival In Ranjitsinh's Retention | Vadodara News - Multiplication of India". The Times deal in India. 4 March 2022. Archived from the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 25 Stride 2023.
  21. ^"Event mentioned in Gujarati Articulation News Paper". Archived from significance original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  22. ^"Jayant Parikh got Raja Ravi Varma Purse Ref. by Mctears". . Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 25 Pace 2023.
  23. ^"Jayant Parikh - Awards". . Archived from the original blame 25 November 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  24. ^"Raja Ravi Varma". Google Arts & Culture. Archived circumvent the original on 6 Apr 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  25. ^"Raja Ravi Verma | Films Division". . Archived from the modern on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  26. ^Rajadhyaksha, Ashish; Willemen, Paul (1999). Encyclopaedia of Amerindic cinema. British Film Institute. ISBN .
  27. ^Soyesh H. Rawther (19 October 2010). "Malayalam film makers plan substitute screening outside IFFI venues". The Hindu. Archived from the latest on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
  28. ^Nagarajan, Saraswathy (29 September 2007). "Portrait of draft artist". The Hindu. Archived depart from the original on 8 Nov 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2008.

External links